centos 6 epel
- January 10, 2013
- Published in CentOS 6
rpm -Uvh http://mir01.syntis.net/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://mir01.syntis.net/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
This guide describe howto install and do a basic configure of SNMP on a RedHat Enterprise Linux or CentOS. Probably it will work on many other *nix systems.
Run command yum install net-snmp-utils
[root@dull etc]# yum install net-snmp-utils Loading "fastestmirror" plugin Loading "dellsysidplugin" plugin ... ... Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: net-snmp-utils i386 1:5.3.1-24.el5_2.2 updates 182 k Installing for dependencies: net-snmp i386 1:5.3.1-24.el5_2.2 updates 698 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 2 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 879 k Is this ok [y/N]: y
Answer y
Downloading Packages:
(1/2): net-snmp-utils-5.3 100% |=========================| 182 kB 00:02 (2/2): net-snmp-5.3.1-24. 100% |=========================| 698 kB 00:06 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing: net-snmp ######################### [1/2] Installing: net-snmp-utils ######################### [2/2] Installed: net-snmp-utils.i386 1:5.3.1-24.el5_2.2 Dependency Installed: net-snmp.i386 1:5.3.1-24.el5_2.2 Complete!
Now it is installed
I’m careful so I do a backup of the snmpd config file.
[root@dull ~]# mv /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf.org
Create a new config file.
[root@dull ~]# vi /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
rocommunity public
syslocation "PDC, Peters DataCenter"
syscontact This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.%MINIFYHTMLbb54968b2fafc8c000ac6ecc79f62f7f16%
Start the snmpd service
[root@dull ~]# /etc/init.d/snmpd start
Do a snmpwalk to make sure it is working
[root@dull ~]# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public -O e 127.0.0.1
SNMPv2-MIB::sysDescr.0 = STRING: Linux dull 2.6.18-92.1.17.el5 #1 SMP Tue Nov 4 13:45:01 EST 2008 i686
SNMPv2-MIB::sysObjectID.0 = OID: NET-SNMP-MIB::netSnmpAgentOIDs.10
DISMAN-EVENT-MIB::sysUpTimeInstance = Timeticks: (16748) 0:02:47.48
SNMPv2-MIB::sysContact.0 = STRING: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.%MINIFYHTMLbb54968b2fafc8c000ac6ecc79f62f7f17%SNMPv2-MIB::sysName.0 = STRING: dull
SNMPv2-MIB::sysLocation.0 = STRING: "PDC, Peters DataCentral"
SNMPv2-MIB::sysORLastChange.0 = Timeticks: (1) 0:00:00.01
...
...
Yes, it is working
And finally, make sure snmpd starts next time you restart your machine.
[root@dull ~]# chkconfig snmpd on
Below is an example of how it looks using op5 Monitor a Nagios based Enterprise Monitor solution.
用sudo时提示"xxx is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.其中XXX是你的用户名,也就是你的用户名没有权限使用sudo,我们只要修改一下/etc/sudoers文件就行了。下面是修改方 法:
1)进入超级用户模式。也就是输入"su -",系统会让你输入超级用户密码,输入密码后就进入了超级用户模式。(当然,你也可以直接用root用)
2)添加文件的写权限。也就是输入命令"chmod u+w /etc/sudoers"。
3)编辑/etc/sudoers文件。也就是输入命令"vim /etc/sudoers",输入"i"进入编辑模式,找到这一 行:"root ALL=(ALL) ALL"在起下面添加"xxx ALL=(ALL) ALL"(这里的xxx是你的用户名),然后保存(就是先按一 下Esc键,然后输入":wq")退出。
4)撤销文件的写权限。也就是输入命令"chmod u-w /etc/sudoers"。
yum list *snmp*
sudo yum install perl-Net-SNMP
slmgr.vbs –upk
slmgr.vbs -div
slmgr.vbs -dil
slmgr.vbs -rearm
.net 3.51 did the trick.
.net 4 is NOT enough.
当你试着在Windows 2008 R2上安装Visual Studio 2008,你可以会遇到下面的情况:
这是因为Windows 2008 R2已装集成了 .NET 3.5.1 framework,你只需通过Server Manager加起这个feature就可以了。
打开Server Manager 找到结点Add Features Wizard 勾选.NET Framework 3.5.1 Features ,这个问题同样发生在单独安装
.NET 3.5.1 framework 安装包。
First you have to install ntp:
Run as root:
Then if you run ntpdate again you might get the error again. You can run ntpdate with:
Replace 2.pool.ntp.org with another server if that doesn’t work.
If you get a ntpdate[585863]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting Error, then run:
Took me 10 precious minutes to update the time in a server … That’s a lot!
.ftpaccess
DeleteAbortedStores off
Umask 000
GroupOwner root
<Limit RMD DELE RNFR RETR READ>
Denyall
</Limit>
Order allow,deny
Allow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Deny from all
mysqldump: Couldn’t execute ‘SHOW FUNCTION STATUS WHERE Db = ‘your-db-here”: Column count of mysql.proc is wrong. Expected 20, found 16. Created with MySQL 50077, now running 50152. Please use mysql_upgrade to fix this error. (1558)
/usr/bin/mysql_upgrade -uxxxx -pxxxxxx
如果你的webmin/virtualmin自动备份出现下面的错误,那么,就是mysql升级后没有做mysql_upgrade 表修复。 在新版下执行mysql_upgrade命令,其实这个命令包含一下三个命令:
# mysqlcheck –check-upgrade –all-databases –auto-repai
# mysql_fix_privilege_tables
# mysqlcheck –all-databases –check-upgrade –fix-db-names –fix-table-names
Note: 在每一次的升级过程中,mysql_upgrade这个命令我们都应该去执行,它通过mysqlcheck命令帮我们去检查表是否兼容新版本的数据库同时作出修复,还有个很重要的作用就是使用mysql_fix_privilege_tables命令去升级权限表。
常见的特殊的需求:
对于FTP服务器上的某个部门的目录,要求:
部门所有人员可以上传下载但无法删除(包括文件和目录)
部门领导全部权限(包括删除)
用redhat自带的vsftp实现起来比较困难,google了以后发现proftpd实现起来比较简单
例如:
客服部
部门成员member,可以上传下载,但是无法删
部门主管manager,有全部权限
下载安装:
因为是CENTOS,直接下载rpm安装
wget http://packages.sw.be/proftpd/proftpd-1.3.2-1.el5.rf.i386.rpm
安装之后
主目录在/var/ftp
配置文件为 /etc/proftpd.conf
服务名为 proftpd
直接启动服务的情况是:
系统用户直接登录,且被chroot在"家目录"下
匿名用户无法登陆
设计实施:
部门的目录放在/var/ftp/kefu(客服部),部门人员登录后被chroot在此目录下
目录的所有者是主管manager
目录的所有组是kefu
目录权限为770(只有此部门的人员才可以进此目录)
设置如下:
/var/ftp下的kefu目录
drwxrwx--- 2 manager kefu 4096 Mar 3 13:11 kefu
/etc/passwd文件的设置(将他们的主目录设为/var/ftp/kefu,shell改为/sbin/nologin不允许ssh)
manager:x:501:502::/var/ftp/kefu:/sbin/nologin
member:x:502:503::/var/ftp/kefu:/sbin/nologin
新建kefu组,member是组员
配置文件proftpd.conf
解释:
整个思路:
通过系统权限来允许所有的文件都可以对任何人读写(就是非创建者也可以删)
通过限制FTP指令的执行来限制特定的用户(组)无法执行删除
总的来说就是利用两个层面的限制实现对权限”先放,后收”